Who provides care to Medicare beneficiaries and what settings do they use? J Am Board Fam Pract. American Academy of Family Physicians. Facts about family medicine. Accessed May 3, Department of Health and Human Services; The importance of geriatrics to family medicine: a position paper by the Group on Geriatric Education of the Society of Teachers of Family Medicine. Fam Med. Diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer disease and related disorders. Knopman DS. The initial recognition and diagnosis of dementia.
Am J Med. Landefeld CS. Improving health care for older persons. Ann Intern Med. American Geriatrics Society Ethics Committee. Health screening decisions for older adults: AGS position paper. J Am Geriatr Soc. Cancer screening in elderly patients: a framework for individualized decision making. Basic nutrition for successful aging: part II. Clin Geriatr. The clinical and cost-effectiveness of medical nutrition therapies: evidence and estimates of potential medical savings from the use of selected nutritional intervention.
The geriatric patient: a systematic approach to maintaining health [published correction appears in Am Fam Physician. Preventive Services Task Force. Baltimore, Md. Periodic health examination, update: 3.
Screening for visual problems among elderly patients. Prevalence of hearing loss in older adults in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin. The Epidemiology of Hearing Loss Study. Am J Epidemiol. Screening for hearing impairment in older adults. In: Guide to Clinical Preventive Services. Washington, DC: U. Whispered voice test for screening for hearing impairment in adults and children: systematic review. Milstein D, Weinstein BE. Hearing screening for older adults using hearing questionnaires.
Hearing loss in community-dwelling older persons: national prevalence data and identification using simple questions. Screening and management of adult hearing loss in primary care: scientific review. Resnick NM. Improving treatment of urinary incontinence. Weiss BD. Diagnostic evaluation of urinary incontinence in geriatric patients.
What type of urinary incontinence does this woman have? Risk factors for falls in a community-based prospective study of people 70 years and older. J Gerontol. Risk factors for falls among elderly persons living in the community. N Engl J Med. Interventions for preventing falls in elderly people Cochrane Database Syst Rev. Tinetti ME. Performance-oriented assessment of mobility problems in elderly patients.
Rao SS. Prevention of falls in older patients. American Medical Directors Association. Clinical practice guideline: falls and fall risk. Columbia, Md. Guideline for the prevention of falls in older persons. Diagnosis, screening, prevention, and treatment of osteoporosis.
Mayo Clin Proc. National Osteoporosis Foundation. NOF clinician's guide to prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Accessed September 4, Screening for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women: recommendations and rationale. Rockville, Md. Accessed September 1, Screening for postmenopausal osteoporosis: a review of the evidence for the U.
Adverse drug events in high risk older outpatients. Inappropriate medication use and risk of falls—A prospective study in a large community-dwelling elderly cohort. BMC Geriatr. Accessed September 3, Explicit criteria for determining inappropriate medication use in nursing home residents. Arch Intern Med. Updating the Beers criteria for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults: results of a US consensus panel of experts [published correction appears in Arch Intern Med.
Screening for depression. May The use of rating depression series in the elderly. In: Poon LW, ed. Screening for depression in primary care with two verbally asked questions: cross sectional study.
Diagnosing dementia: perspectives of primary care physicians. Ebell MH. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. Census Bureau. Statistical brief. Sixty-five plus in the United States. Accessed May 20, This content is owned by the AAFP.
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Sign Up Now. Next: Atrial Fibrillation: Diagnosis and Treatment. Jan 1, Issue. The Geriatric Assessment. C 15 Patients with chronic otitis media or sudden hearing loss, or who fail any hearing screening tests should be referred to an otolaryngologist. C 21 , 23 Hearing aids are the treatment of choice for older patients with hearing impairment, because they minimize hearing loss and improve daily functioning. A 23 The U. A 37 The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services encourages the use of the Beers criteria as part of an older patient's medication assessment to reduce adverse effects.
Without help 3 With some help 2 Completely unable to use the telephone 1 2. Without help 3 With some help 2 Completely unable to travel unless special arrangements are made 1 3. Without help 3 With some help 2 Completely unable to do any shopping 1 4.
Without help 3 With some help 2 Completely unable to prepare any meals 1 5. Without help 3 With some help 2 Completely unable to do any housework 1 6. Without help 3 With some help 2 Completely unable to do any handyman work 1 7. Without help 3 With some help 2 Completely unable to do any laundry 1 8a. Without help in the right doses at the right time 3 With some help take medication if someone prepares it for you or reminds you to take it 2 Completely unable to take own medication 1 8c.
Without help in the right doses at the right time 3 With some help take medication if someone prepares it for you or reminds you to take it 2 Completely unable to take own medication 1 9. Without help 3 With some help 2 Completely unable to handle money 1 note : Scores have meaning only for a particular patient e. Table 4 Nutritional Health Checklist Statement Yes I have an illness or condition that made me change the kind or amount of food I eat.
Table 5 Screening Version of the Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly Question Yes 4 points Sometimes 2 points No 0 points Does a hearing problem cause you to feel embarrassed when you meet new people? Read the full article. Get immediate access, anytime, anywhere. Choose a single article, issue, or full-access subscription. Earn up to 6 CME credits per issue.
Purchase Access: See My Options close. Best Value! To see the full article, log in or purchase access. More in Pubmed Citation Related Articles. Email Alerts Don't miss a single issue. Whatever screener tool you will choose, it does not have to be perfect, it is a tool, not a rule! The best way to use it is by being aware of its strengths and weaknesses.
Which one will you choose? You must be logged in to post a comment. Please enter your username or email address. You will receive a link to reset your password via email. Username or email. Confirm Password. January 17, January 16, January 12, January 9, Share This Post. West J Emerg Med. Validity of an activities of daily living questionnaire among older patients in the emergency department. Journal of clinical epidemiology. Detection of older people at increased risk of adverse health outcomes after an emergency visit: the ISAR screening tool.
J Am Geriatr Soc. The CDR is a comprehensive dementia staging scale that has become a worldwide standard for assessing the severity and progression of dementia.
Two different scores can be calculated from the CDR: the Global score which is the standard regularly used in clinical and research settings but requires an algorithm to calculate the Sum of Boxes score which provides more comprehensive information, particularly in patients with mild dementia, and does not require an algorithm to calculate. Author and year Hughes et al, Licensing, fees or copyright details The CDR can be used without modification or editing of any kind solely for clinical-care purposes and non-commercial research.
For more information on permission and licensing, please visit the CDR website or the licensing page of the University of Washington in St. The DSRS is a brief staging instrument that is completed by the carer.
It has a multiple-choice format. The FAST is a very brief dementia staging scale with a focus on functional decline at the moderate to severe stages of dementia. It was developed by the makers of the Global Deterioration Scale. The GDS is a brief dementia staging scale designed for carers and clinical staff to assess the current stage of dementia and its progression over time. The GDS has been extensively validated, and has a long history of use worldwide.
This item screening tool has been developed to screen for risk of cognitive impairment in an Alcohol and Other Drugs AOD treatment population. If a person scores positive on the screening tool it is recommended the BEAT be administered. Population group: 18 years and older AOD treatment population.
Likely to be applicable to other settings but not yet trialled. For use in primary health, inpatient and outpatient settings. The BEAT is a cognitive test developed to detect cognitive impairment, especially executive function impairment, in an AOD treatment population.
Population group: 18 years and over. Requires a systematic assessment of: cultural identity cultural conceptualisations of distress, psychosocial stressors and cultural features of vulnerability and resilience cultural features of the relationship between the individual and clinician overall cultural assessment.
The glossary contains cultural concepts of distress to describe ways that cultural groups experience, understand and communicate suffering, behavioural problems, or troubling thoughts and emotions. The RUDAS is developed for the assessment of cognitive impairment and dementia in culturally and linguistically diverse CALD people, and in those with limited levels of education. It is easily translatable into different languages and has been shown to detect dementia regardless of the language spoken or the educational level of the person tested.
The RUDAS is a short cognitive screening instrument that was designed to minimise the effects of educational level, cultural background, gender and language on cognitive screening. The six-item RUDAS assesses multiple cognitive domains including memory, praxis, language, judgement, visuoconstructional drawing and body orientation.
It is a validated tool, based on evidence from multiple studies conducted in , and Can be used in any clinical setting such as in-hospital, out-patient clinic and community-based.
Also can be used in any clinical speciality but commonly used by geriatricians, psychogeriatricians, neuropsychologists and neurologists. It is used in the Aged Care Application to assess eligibility for the Dementia and Cognition Supplement for in-home care in people that are from a culturally or linguistically diverse background. Administration and scoring guide. Further information from Dementia Australia. Instruction booklet. It is used in the Aged Care Application to assess eligibility for the Dementia and Cognition Supplement for in-home care in patients that are Indigenous Australians an Aboriginal person or Torres Strait Islander who lives in a rural or remote area.
The 4AT is designed to be used by any Healthcare professional at first contact with the patient, and at any other time when delirium is suspected. It is a short tool for delirium assessment, designed to be easy to use in clinical care and specifically for routine clinical practice. It is suitable for use by all practitioners with a basic knowledge of delirium. All patients can be assessed, including those unable to speak e. Note that the 4AT is not designed for repeated two to three times per day monitoring for new onset delirium in inpatients.
The 4AT is one of the best-validated delirium assessment tools globally. The CAM is a structured questionnaire developed as a brief screen for delirium. It is designed for use in older people at high risk of developing delirium e. It can also distinguish people with delirium-only from those with delirium superimposed on dementia, a clinically important distinction since the latter strongly predicts a worse medical outcome.
When the CAM is used alongside cognitive testing the differential diagnosis of dementia from delirium can be enhanced. The CAM is very widely utilised and has been translated into several languages. A three-minute diagnostic version 3D-CAM has been validated.
The DRS-R is recommended if more detailed testing is required. The DRAT is used to assess delirium risk for hospitalised older people and is performed in conjunction with cognitive screening. This tool identifies key risk factors that predispose an older person to delirium and risk factors that may precipitate delirium and recommends further investigations, if there is a change in behaviour. Population group: for all people over 65 all over 45 ATSI or all with known predisposing factors and all with known related conditions.
The DRS-R is a comprehensive scale designed to measure delirium and its severity. It is a revised version of the original DRS scale and be applied to people with or without dementia. It has excellent inter-rater reliability and can distinguish people with delirium versus illness due to other causes e.
The DRS-R can also distinguish people with delirium-only from those with delirium superimposed on dementia, an extremely important distinction since the latter strongly predicts a more adverse medical outcome.
The DRS-R has been translated into several languages. For more rapid testing by non-specialists the CAM may be more appropriate. Answer sheet. Skip to main content Skip to main navigation.
Home Resources Aged Health Screening and assessment tools. Screening and assessment tools for older people. This resource contains 55 screening and assessment tools relating to behaviour, cognition, delirium, dementia, depression, disability, multicultural tools and Aboriginal tools. Having a centralised list of tools will increase awareness among clinicians about what is available and will aid decision-making when choosing a tool for use. Thank you to all those who contributed to the development of this resource.
This test also forms part of the Mini-Cog tool. Original Cognistat: 20 mins. It is designed to be suitable to assess cognition in persons in nursing home settings. Variable: dependent on the severity of information processing difficulty and the complexity of tasks assessed. A tester familiar with the PRPP can complete the assessment of one person on four or five tasks in hours. It is a version of the MMSE.
It is designed for use in older people at high risk of developing delirium. Author and year Teng and Chui, Licensing, fees or copyright details 3MS test and manual free of charge for qualified professionals. Materials can be downloaded after obtaining approval from the Alzheimer Disease Research Center at the University of Southern California. Training materials No formal training is needed; however it is recommended that the interviewer gain mastery over the administration and scoring of the instrument.
Archives of Neurology, 52 5 , — Teng, E. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 48 8 , — Tsoi, K. Author and year Hsieh et al. For other uses, please contact the original authors to seek permission. Reading: Tsoi, K. Copyright held by John Hodges. November International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry.
PMID D McRaithe et al. Author and year Gavin et al, Licensing, fees or copyright details The AD8 can be used without modification or editing of any kind solely for clinical care purposes and non-commercial research. For more information on permission and licensing, please visit the AD8 website or the licensing page of the University of Washington in St.
The AD8: a brief informant interview to detect dementia. Neurology, 65 4 , — Author and year Rosen et al, Licensing, fees or copyright details Free of charge to healthcare professionals for non-commercial clinical or research purposes. Rosen, W. Am J Psychiatry, 11 : — Author and year Licensing, fees or copyright details Free.
No permission or registration is required to download and use. Evaluation of a mental test score for assessment of mental impairment in the elderly. Age and Ageing, Volume 1, Issue 4, , Pages — Piotrowicz et al, Validation of the Hodkinson abbreviated mental test as a screening instrument for dementia in an Italian population. Age Ageing. Screening for dementia in general hospital inpatients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of available instruments.
Construct validity of the item geriatric depression scale in older medical inpatients. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol. Licensing, fees or copyright details Training materials No formal training. The clock-drawing test: review. Age and Ageing ; Training materials Training media Time to administer Original Cognistat: 20 mins.
Two additional four word lists are provided for the memory section. Reading: Peer-reviewed articles. The FAB is a brief screen for executive dysfunction associated with damage to the frontal lobe. It can be administered in many settings and is well-accepted by consumers. Author and year Dubois et al, Licensing, fees or copyright details Free of charge to healthcare professionals for non-commercial clinical or research purposes. The FAB: A frontal assessment battery at bedside.
Neurology, 55 11 , — Arch Neurol. Nakaaki, S. Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Frontal Assessment Battery in patients with the frontal variant of frontotemporal dementia.
Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 61 1 , 78— Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 50 3 , — Brodaty, H. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 19 9 , — American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 14 5 , — Seeher, K. The informant or proxy rater needs to have known the patient for 10 years Sansoni, et al Author and year Jorm and Korten, Licensing, fees or copyright details Free of charge to healthcare professionals for non-commercial clinical or research purposes.
Training materials A training video and guide is available Vertesi et al. Readings: Jorm, A. International Psychogeriatrics, 16 3 , — Australian Health Services Research Institute, Butt Z and Butt Z Sensitivity of the informant questionnaire on cognitive decline: an application of item response theory. International Psychogeriatrics.
Isella V, Villa L, Russo A, et al Discriminative and predictive power of an informant report in mild cognitive impairment. Assessing older persons: measures, meaning and practical applications. Journal of Neurology. Reading: strokengine. Author and year Borson et al. Written permission is required for non-commercial research use, and for all commercial applications, a licensing agreement is required.
For more information on the conditions of use and to obtain written permission, please visit the Mini-Cog website. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 15 11 — Validated tool in stroke, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's populations. Author and year Nasreddine et al. Written permission is required for non-commercial research use, and for all commercial applications, Licensing Agreement is required.
For more information on the conditions of use and to obtain written permission, please register at the MoCA website. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 53 4 , —9. NSW Health holds a statewide license for use. Reading: researchgate. Free of charge to healthcare professionals for non-commercial clinical or research purposes. Training materials They have a formal training booklet which guides the training of staff in the administration of the tests for the ACFI.
Time to administer mins Administered by Healthcare professional Availability in NSW Health Statewide form ref NH Official website No website Further information Online demo YouTube A standardised interview which is designed to assess the changes over time within dementia and depression — using a set of scales and also via an interview with an informant.
The Psychogeriatric Assessment Scales: a multidimensional alternative to categorical diagnoses of dementia and depression in the elderly. Psychological Medicine, 25 3 , — Jorm, A. Assessment of cognitive impairment and dementia using informant reports. Clinical Psychology Review, 16 1 , 51— International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 16 3 , — Author and year Chapparo and Ranka, Licensing, fees or copyright details Training materials Courses Time to administer Variable: dependent on the severity of information processing difficulty and the complexity of tasks assessed.
Author and year Wilson, Cockburn and Baddeley, , update Includes manual, 25 record forms, two stimulus books, novel task stimulus material, story card, message envelope, alarm, and timer. Training materials No formal training, instructions included in the manual. The test can be used by clinical psychologists, occupational therapists and speech and language pathologists. This scale has been designed for the geriatric population Burns, Training materials Users need to be familiar with the paper by Molloy and Standish The S-MMSE has a detailed manual available from the author, describing how to administer and score each item.
Use and interpretation. Canadian Family Physician. The American Journal of Psychiatry. Folstein, M. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 12 3 : — Box , Tucson AZ However, the TMT is in the public domain and can be reproduced without permission. Other versions e. Training materials Reading the segment in Spreen, O.
Time to administer mins Administered by Healthcare professional Availability in NSW Health Official website Visit website for TMT Trail Making Test Further information Some studies suggest practice effects particularly for Part A; if there are plans to refer the patient for neuropsychological assessment, it is recommended that use of this tool is discussed with the neuropsychologist first so as to reduce the potential for practice effects with repeated administration. Readings: Spreen, O.
A compendium of neuropsychological tests: Administration, norms, and commentary. New York: Oxford University Press. Author and year Marin et al, Licensing, fees or copyright details Free of charge to healthcare professionals for non-commercial clinical or research purposes. Apathy in dementia: An examination of the psychometric properties of the Apathy Evaluation Scale.
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